Ecosystem and ago-ecosystem, Biomes in ecosystems (Terrestrial biomes, Aquatic biomes), interaction between abiotic and biotic component in regard to water cycle, ecological Relationships of Biomes, sunlight Intensity as a key component of climate, regional climate patterns, microclimates, energy transformations and biogeochemical cycling, energy flows in ecosystems, energy transfer through the food chain biogeochemistry (Element ratios, Mass Balance, Element Cycling), agroecosystems and biodiversity, genetic diversity.
- Teacher: Hossein Azadi
- Teacher: Baris Uyaroglu