The contents of this course are the appliance construction techniques and mechanism of orthodontic tooth movements. Student recognizes removable orthodontic appliances used in the treatment of dental malocclusions, explains the purpose of the appliances. Learns how to bend adams clasp, springs and vestibular arch. Learns the appliance construction techniques. Describes the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions features, differentiates the normal and abnormal situations in teeth and dentition development with growth. Explains the mechanism of orthodontic tooth movement. Learns the response of tooth to applied orthodontic force. Explains the difference between physiological and orthodontic tooth movement. Learns the diagnostic modalities, important factors in severity of tooth resorption that can arise from orthodontic treatment and mostly affected teeth. Explains the local and general factors of malocclusion.